Lesson 2:
CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following:
At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following:
- LO 1. Obtain measurements;
- LO 2. Perform simple calculations; and
- LO 3. Estimate appropriate quantities.
Definition of Terms
- Accuracy – the exactness of a measured distance or circumference
- Calculation – the process or an act of calculating
- Calculator – an electronic device used for speed computation
- Conversion – a change of figures like changing from centimeters to inches and vice versa
- Cost – the amount paid or charge for something that is acquired
- English System – the English system has inches for its basic unit
- Grain – the direction of fabric threads
- Hemline – the marked line at the bottom of the garment where the hem is turned
- IMC – Individual Measurement Chart
- Length – the longer or longest dimension of an object to measure
- Measurement – a systematic procedure of determining the quantity or extent of the entire measurable dimension
- Metric System – a decimal system of physical units based on a unit of length known as the meter (Greek metron, ―measure‖)
- Pattern – a piece of paper usually one-half of the body parts used as a guide in cutting the garments
- Width – measurement taken at the shortest dimension of the object to measure
Learning Outcome 1: Obtain measurements
Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1.
Information Sheet 1.1
Parts of body to be measured can be taken in:
Horizontal measurement Vertical measurement Circumferential measurement
1. The horizontal measurement is taken from the left of the figure to the right.
2. The vertical measurement is taken from the top of the body figure to its base.
3. Circumferential measurement
Neck - Loosely measure around the circumference at the base of your neck.
Bust - Lift your arms to the side.Measure around your body crossing over the fullest part of your bust. (The tape measure must run directly over your nipples and across your shoulder blades on your back).
Bust to Bust - Measure from your one nipple to your other nipple.
Upper Bust - Measure around the torso directly above the bust line. From armhole to armhole +- 8cm down from neck.
Lower Bust - Measure around the torso directly under the bustline.
Waist - Measure around the waist at the narrowest natural waistline point, allowing 2 fingers between your waist and tape measure.
Hips - Measure around the fullest part of your hips. As a guide, this is often 20cm below your natural waistline. Stand with your knees together.
Shoulder to Bust - Measure from tip of the shoulder to the centre of bust (nipple).
Front Shoulder to Waist - Measure from tip of shoulder over bust to natural waistline.
Shoulder to Shoulder - Measure across the back of neck from socket of one shoulder to socket of the other shoulder.
Shoulder to Neck - Measure from base of neck along top of shoulder to the shoulder socket.
Down Center Back - Measure from nape of neck to natural waist.
Information Sheet 1.1
Parts of body to be measured can be taken in:
Horizontal measurement Vertical measurement Circumferential measurement
1. The horizontal measurement is taken from the left of the figure to the right.
2. The vertical measurement is taken from the top of the body figure to its base.
3. Circumferential measurement
Neck - Loosely measure around the circumference at the base of your neck.
Bust - Lift your arms to the side.Measure around your body crossing over the fullest part of your bust. (The tape measure must run directly over your nipples and across your shoulder blades on your back).
Bust to Bust - Measure from your one nipple to your other nipple.
Upper Bust - Measure around the torso directly above the bust line. From armhole to armhole +- 8cm down from neck.
Lower Bust - Measure around the torso directly under the bustline.
Waist - Measure around the waist at the narrowest natural waistline point, allowing 2 fingers between your waist and tape measure.
Hips - Measure around the fullest part of your hips. As a guide, this is often 20cm below your natural waistline. Stand with your knees together.
Shoulder to Bust - Measure from tip of the shoulder to the centre of bust (nipple).
Front Shoulder to Waist - Measure from tip of shoulder over bust to natural waistline.
Shoulder to Shoulder - Measure across the back of neck from socket of one shoulder to socket of the other shoulder.
Shoulder to Neck - Measure from base of neck along top of shoulder to the shoulder socket.
Down Center Back - Measure from nape of neck to natural waist.
Back Shoulder to Waist - Measure from tip of shoulder to natural waist line.
Across Back - Measure from armhole across back to armhole positioning tape measure + - 8cm down from nape of neck.
Full Back - Measure from side seam, under armpits to side seam across back, positioning tape measure +- 4cm down under armpit.
Sleeve Hole - Measure around the shoulder under the armpit.
Bicep - Measure around the fullest part of the upper arm.
Elbow - Do a fairly loose measurement around the bent elbow.
Under Arm - Measure from under the arm. Start at the armpit to the wrist.
Over Arm - Measure from outer shoulder socket on outside of arm, with a bent arm, to the wrist.
Side Seam - Measure from under armpit to natural waistline down.
Upper Arm – Measure from the outer shoulder socket on outside of arm to crook of elbow.
MEN’S APPAREL
(Measurement)
A. Vertical Measurement
Shirt length - taken from the nape down the center back to the desired length.
Sleeve length - taken from the shoulder tip point down to the desired sleeve length.
Length of pants or shorts – measures along the side below the waist band to the desired length of the pants.
Crotch or Rise – measured by placing a ruler under the crotch then measuring below the waistband down to the top of the level of the ruler.
B. Horizontal Measurements
Shoulder - taken from one shoulder point to the other.
Bust/Breast - taken around the body with the tape measure passing over the fullest part of the shoulder blade at the back and over to the apex.
Upper arm girth - taken around the fullest part of the arm in line with the armpit.
Lower arm girth or sleeve width - taken around the arm two to three inches below the armpit.
Neck measure – taken around the neckline.
Shirt length - taken from the nape down the center back to the desired length.
Sleeve length - taken from the shoulder tip point down to the desired sleeve length.
Length of pants or shorts – measures along the side below the waist band to the desired length of the pants.
Crotch or Rise – measured by placing a ruler under the crotch then measuring below the waistband down to the top of the level of the ruler.
B. Horizontal Measurements
Shoulder - taken from one shoulder point to the other.
Bust/Breast - taken around the body with the tape measure passing over the fullest part of the shoulder blade at the back and over to the apex.
Upper arm girth - taken around the fullest part of the arm in line with the armpit.
Lower arm girth or sleeve width - taken around the arm two to three inches below the armpit.
Neck measure – taken around the neckline.
Neck measure – taken around the neckline.
Waist (w) - taken around the smallest part of the waistline. Insert two fingers under the tape measure for ease or allowance.
Hip or seat (H) - taken around the fullest part of the hip (buttocks) with two fingers inserted under the tape measure.Desired Bottom or Hem Circumference or leg hole – taken around the fullest part of the bottom.
Desired Bottom or Hem Circumference or leg hole – taken around the fullest part of the bottom.
C. Vertical Measurement
Shirt length - taken from the nape down the center back to the desired length.
Sleeve length - taken from the shoulder tip point down to the desired sleeve length.
Length of pants or shorts– measured along the side below the waist band to the desired length of the pants.
Crotch or Rise – measured by placing a ruler under the crotch then measuring below the waistband down to the top of the level of the ruler.
D. Horizontal Measurements
Shoulder - taken from one shoulder point to the other.
Bust/Breast - taken around the body with the tape measure passing over the fullest part of the shoulder blade at the back and over to the apex.
Upper arm girth - taken around the fullest part of the arm in line with the armpit.
Lower arm girth or sleeve width - taken around the arm two to three inches below thearmpit.
Neck measure – taken around the neckline.
Waist (w) - taken around the smallest part of the waistline. Insert two fingers under the tape measure for ease or allowance.
Hip or seat (H) - taken around the fullest part of the hip (buttocks) with two fingers inserted under the tape measure.Desired Bottom or Hem Circumference or leg hole – taken around the fullest part of the bottom.
Desired Bottom or Hem Circumference or leg hole – taken around the fullest part of the bottom.
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Perform simple calculations
METRIC CONVERSION CHART
Simple calculation is an easy mathematical application used to determine the accurate measurement of body parts, length and width of materials and cost needed to create an apparel.
This is the process in which the four fundamental of operations (MDAS) is involved.
Length and Width of Materials
In measuring the length and width of materials needed such as fabrics, we also need the use of the Metric measurement system.
This is the process in which the four fundamental of operations (MDAS) is involved.
Length and Width of Materials
In measuring the length and width of materials needed such as fabrics, we also need the use of the Metric measurement system.
Metric Conversion Chart for Fabric and Sewing
1/4 Inch = 0.25 Centimeters
1/2 Inch = 1.27 Centimeters
5/8 Inch = 1.59 Centimeters
3/4 Inch = 1.905 Centimeters
1 Inch = 2.54 Centimeters
1.5 Inches = 3.81 Centimeters
2 Inches = 5.08 Centimeters
2.5 Inches = 6.35 Centimeters
3 Inches = 7.62 Centimeters
3.5 Inches = 8.89 Centimeters
4 Inches = 10.16 Centimeters
4.5 Inches = 11.43 Centimeters
5 Inches = 12.7 Centimeters
5.5 Inches = 13.97 Centimeters
6 Inches = 15.24 Centimeters
6.5 Inches = 16.51 Centimeters
7 Inches = 17.78 Centimeters
7.5 Inches = 19.05 Centimeters
8 Inches = 20.32 Centimeters
8.5 Inches = 21.59 Centimeters
9 Inches = 22.86 Centimeters
9.5 Inches = 24.13 Centimeters
10 Inches = 25.4 Centimeters
10.5 Inches = 26.67 Centimeters
11 Inches = 27.94 Centimeters
11 Inches = 27.94 Centimeters
12 Inches = 30.48 Centimeters
1 Yard = 0.9144 Meters
2 Yards = 1.8288 Meters
3 Yards = 2.7432 Meters
4 Yards = 3.6576 Meters
5 Yards = 4.572 Meters